Joins several text strings into one text string (superseded by CONCAT and the "&" operator).

Combines the text from multiple ranges and/or strings, with a delimiter you specify.

Returns the specified number of characters from the start of a text string.

Returns the specified number of characters from the end of a text string.

Returns a specific number of characters from a text string, starting at the position you specify.

Returns the number of characters in a text string.

Removes all spaces from a text string except for single spaces between words.